Combining ethics, artificial intelligence and healthcare

David Gruson emphasizes that artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming the healthcare sector, with a major acceleration since the advent of generative AI. Following an initial wave focused on image recognition in radiology, ophthalmology, and dermatology, new tools are opening up much broader possibilities for healthcare facilities, physicians, and patients. In this context, ethics has become a central issue. The goal is not to stifle innovation, but to create a framework of trust that allows patients to access the benefits of AI while protecting their rights. Ethik-IA, founded in 2017, works specifically on this issue through the concept of human oversight: AI systems must remain supervised by healthcare professionals, both during their design and in their actual use.This human supervision takes the form of oversight ecosystems involving medical specialists, particularly in dentistry, radiology, dermatology, pathology, and ophthalmology. The challenge is to keep humans at the center of medical decision-making and to limit the risks of losing control to algorithms.The European regulatory framework is moving in this direction with the AI Act, which mandates greater transparency and oversight for AI systems in healthcare. Patients must be informed when an AI tool is used in their care pathway, and both developers and users must implement mechanisms for human oversight. This European approach is already inspiring other regulators, notably in the United States with the FDA.For investors, this development is transformative. Companies capable of integrating ethical, regulatory, and human oversight requirements from the outset will be better positioned to access markets, obtain the necessary authorizations, and earn the trust of both healthcare professionals and patients.